In postmenopausal women, the main strategies for preventing fractures due to bone fragility are fall prevention and regular physical exercise. When pharmacological prevention is chosen, in particular to prevent subsequent fractures in women who have already had a fracture resulting from low-energy trauma, the first-choice option is a bisphosphonate such as alendronic acid, provided it is accompanied by adequate calcium and vitamin D intake. This prevents about 3 symptomatic vertebral fractures and 1 hip fracture per 100 patients treated for 3 years. The main adverse effects of oral bisphosphonates are dysphagia, heartburn, pain on swallowing and oesophagitis, as well as hypocalcaemia, musculoskeletal pain, and osteonecrosis of the jaw
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